Sunday, December 29, 2019

Islam and Womens Right Ethnographic Study - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2313 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Culture Essay Level High school Topics: Ethnographic Essay Did you like this example? The gallant and fertile Australian womens rights crusade was primarily glimpsed from the mid-1800s to 1900s, was a lurid event as females marred the normality of then society to address the inequality of rudimentary human rights between the sexes- indomitably occurring within a concurrent timeline with North America despite the delay in the construction of a community within the continent. The Womens Liberation or feminist movement in Australia has unambiguously targeted the inequality amongst pay, domestic violence, sexual harassment, sexual violence and the reproductive rights effectively achieving equal treatment in theory of the democratic process however the patronising reality is still drastically different within Western Society as a large majority of feminine individuals are dominated by male figures and social expectations of women (Turner-Graham, 2009). As an extension of feminism, the complex, frequent and peevish debate surrounding the status of Muslim women canno t simply be compacted into the accepted categories of western feminism and is now beyond the administration of venerable scriptural sources, rather being ingrained by the cultural and highly-pious social heritages of gender-roles determined by previous generations.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Islam and Womens Right Ethnographic Study" essay for you Create order Habitually, the debate relating towards Muslim women and the general Islamic communities located in Australia is an exemplification of the irreconcilable relationship between the Western society, relaying empty parodies of promises to entice an audience, and Islam, a religion devout in submission and consecration towards the higher deity of Allah. A glance globally across the thousands of Islam communities situated internationallyincluding Australia- advocates a substantial degree of diversity in regard to the perfunctory action of consideration for men and women alike, with the systematic oppression and discrimination of women being present amongst extremist groups such as the Taliban and Al-Qaeda which emerged solely due to cultural and moral differentiation from the original interpretation of sacred texts (Oum, 2018). Transnationally, populations of ubiquitous Muslims are currently advocating the capability of Islam and its education to cease the relegation of women within private sectors plus the usurp distortion of forgotten heritage and Psalms caused by despotic governments and the partisan fanatics, to deliver an equal, positive and empowering society for the collection of genders as the Quran belligerently exasperated to convey (Carland, 2017). According to usage, women to have rights over men similar to the rights of men over women., Men will have a share of what they earn, and women will have a share of what they earn. and O mankind! Fear your Lord Who (initiated) your creation from a single soul, then from it created its mate, and from these two spread (the creation of) countless men and women. are autocratic paradigms of primary quotes from the Quran bequeathing a consummated haven emphasising gender equality and a feministic outlook as an essential component of the jurisprudence and fundamental teachings of Islam: unambiguously, through the notion expounding the creation of both sexes from a single entity, implying that no man nor woman are conferr ed to be deprived due to gender or duties furthermore with the dismissal that women are obligated to burden the financial responsibilities to ensure fulfilment of the family household (Quran, 4:32), (Quran, 2:228), (Quran, 4:1). The one-dimensional portrayal of Islamic views on womens rights created by Western, Anglo-Saxon, Protestant (WASP) societies presently dominates current perspective of how society, explicitly Christianity, understands the essentially liberating union between Allah and females that secure domestic tranquillity, justice and union between humanity. The Byzantine basis of the censorious religion baptized as Christianity is formed via power relations, gender roles, social structures, moral frameworks, functions of family and cultural symbolisms, often reducing the indispensable topic of womens rights within Islam into an overzealous, abridged argument. The Protestant churches desperately attempts to fit the square peg of a non-idealistic cultural, customary set of rubrics into the round hole of the typecast which Western society desperately attempts to dogmatically enforce upon the other reverent world religions. This is evident on the widespread, communal view that the burqa or hijab (The conventionally religious headdress of Islam) acts as A symbolic representation of oppression and discrimination due to the claustrophobic essence which promotes public shame upon the female figure while adversely advertising any portion of a females body as sexual, in some cases the eyes are additionally sexualised. (Belltower, 2018). Islamic f eminists, the majority of whom are actually administrated by a religion other than Islam (largely Christianity or atheism), challenge the traditional interpretational mechanisms of Islamic feministic rights through the prejudiced translation that the Quranic principles endorse violence and oppression towards women while simultaneously suggesting egalitarianismmounted originally via the textual authority of Islamic religious scriptures (Delong-Bas, 2018). Yet despite the irritatingly common advocacy for gender equality in other religion, Christianity itself has yet to rectify or release statements making amendments to the oppressive literature heritage coursing through their holy veins. In comparison to the harshness of both Roman law and medieval society present in the initial opening years of the church, Christianity mitigated the inequality of then society however without evolution of the religion past the primal stages of development, the religious wisdoms imparted onto the malle able Christian youth have quickly become obsolete in the privilege-ridden society of the twenty first century (Cruz, 2014). Evidence is found amongst the misogynistic, oppressive passages of the bible which include statements such as I do not permit a woman to teach or to have authority over a man, she must be silent., Wives, submit to your husbands as to the Lord. And If two men are fighting and the wife of one of them comes to rescue her husband from his assailant, and she reaches out and seizes him by his private parts, you shall cut off her hand. Show her no pity. (Deuteronomy 25:11-1), (Timothy 2:12), (Ephesians 5:22). Between the five founders of the great religions -Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, Judaism and Hinduismit is evident that the scintillating radicalisation of the prophet/ messiah Mohammed has become associated with the utmost venerable religious, theological text (Quran) that teems with tenacious empowerment to achieve liberation and equality between the femininit ies, in comparison to venal depiction of Jesus Christ. From the time of abstruse infancy through to the development into motley adulthood, the sensitive treatise of morality emerges amongst an individuals experiences and cognitive development in a verbose fashion in order to ignite change and understanding, specifically regarding values, ethics and solicitously religion. Lawrence Kohlberg expanded on the stage of psychosocial development by separating the levels of moral development into three levels with two additional, distinct portions for each level: preconventional, conventional and postconventionalhowever he has notably been criticised for a lack of cultural diversity and a strong gender bias (Kohlbergs Stages of Moral Development, 2018). The preconventional stage of Kohlbergs theory is defined within respective childhood periods as a childs sense of morality and religious viewpoints are externally controlled by authorities figures and the judgement of consequences which coincide with actions; The Quran states that traditionally, M uslim parents are responsible for raising their children within their partisan religion via enforcing the beliefs or worship, moral qualities, vocational education and instilling a bequeath to obey Allah, Muhammed and the proselytizations of the Quran (Quran: 52:21) . The conventional level bolsters the adolescences sense of morality by correlating intrapersonal and societal functions and relations, amplifying the internal necessity to ensure positive relations and societal order amongst a community. Once maturity is fully developed, the post conventional is reached and a humans morality is defined by abstract principles, obscure values and an unwillingness, scepticism or rebellion against remaining a wholesome, law abiding individual with a realised sense of separation from society (Kohlberg Power, 1981).The punishment and obedience orientation in which children typically attempt to secure the approval, admiration and mutual respect of society, is the stage in which Muslims fema les rarely advance past despite their correlated age due to the tribulation caused by an overwhelming social discrimination attempting to rectify the ostensible spiritual laws which protect the modesty, free will and religious sanctity of women. Kohlbergs theory is dominated by the traditional ethical language that emphasises spartan justice, surfeit directions and the stressing of governmental laws of Australia disregarding any emphasis on relationships and responsibilities of religionessentially ignoring the feministic rights to devoted to Muslim women. As an extension of Kohlbergs theory on morality, Carol Gilligan proposed a stage theory of Ethical Care unambiguously for women and dissimilar to Lawrence Kohlberg, Gilligans theory approaches human development via reasoning to determine the factors which cause women to be morally exotic in comparison to men. The Pre-conventional, Conventional and Post-Conventional Stage are also evident amongst the Ethic of Care theory, the divergent stages focus on exacting human needs, incubating individuality, the corroboration of the consequences coinciding with altrusm, rescinding hurtful actions and the instillation of non-violent principals to ensure alternative methods for self-survival and solicitously the needs of others (Gilligan J.M, 1980). By contrast to Lawrence Kohlbergs severe philosophy, the normative framework which governs the feministic based political regime labelled Ethics of Care determinedly endorses the equilibrium and independence of all individuals regardless of faith, w hile highlighting the over-reliance on the rights assigned to genders based on extremist dynamics enforcing heteronormative dynamics of relational power and partisan dependence on women. Alternatively weighing prominence on how ridiculous [ it is] to degrade, differentiate and disregard the basic rights which should ultimately be mutual between the sexes and [the] respectful treatment of Muslim women which Australian Islamic sects providefor there is no true discrimination in the Quran, the ill-treatment of women stems from the moral frameworks and heritage of a misogynistic person. (Oum, 2018). The entirety of the religious creed plus the associated Holy scriptures, is governed by the set of egalitarian moral principles separating right from aberrated invoked wrong and regulates a persons activities and behaviours is officially called ethics. Natural Law theory is a theory of ethics that directly reflects the strident human nature which hopes to provide the safety of citizens, the preservation of states, religious freedom and the tranquillity of happiness of human life (Madison, Jefferson Hamilton, 2009). Natural Law implies that ethical law is only bolstered through an indomitable connection to a higher power or God plus the general palliative health and wellbeing of a benevolent humanity that individuals could achieve felicitous contentment and equanimity in comparison to the truculent ruling of society. There is a staunch difficulty authenticating Natural Laws support for Islamic womens rights as different branches of society interpret the basis of human nature differe ntly, an accepted ethical theory is conveyed by conservative Christians that dictates Islamic womens rights defy traditional human nature as it forcesthe envelopment and extreme modesty of dress which is highly uncomfortable and defies the natural human behaviour. Women should have the ability to roam freely in cars or by any mode of transportas [the] Nomad homo sapiens once did and deserve freedom of choices (Belltower, 2018). However, the ethical dilemmas which Belltowers stark quote presents is argued by the Islamic church frequently, with the basis that natural law theory irrigates the inherently selfish and immoral characteristics in lieu of developing positive propensities and tendencies through an evolutionary path predestined by Allah. A group of Islamic individuals state Limitations to equality are not recorded with the Quran and can be found within every religion once the scriptures are misconstrued to create circumstantial evidence of extremist practicesthe natural intent ion of Islam portrays [the natural order of human behaviour] by depicting men and women as inherently equal. (Oum,2018). Situational ethics rejects the prefabricated decisions and prescriptive rules that supposedly define the conscience of individuals, anthropologically deciding that no universal moral rules or rights can apply to each unique situation, indoctrinating that each ethical decision should be a consequence of flexibility rather than adhering to strict guidelines (Jackson, 2018). The casuistry of Situational ethics allows the theory to easily be differently interpreted by both religious parties and entitles each party to their predisposed, biased opinion on the rights provided to women within Islamallowing each judgement to be supported by situational ethics via default. The stress on supporting the conviction of human knowledge is drawn from situated perspectives and consequently affirming the necessity of womens rights globally as an entire topic with the semantics of extremities and the fallacies being argued by both parties; Christianity assertively arguing for women to hastily remove their traditional donning of a headdress, to suddenly emphasise their guttural and gluttonous impurities to the world and to live by the normalities of Western society in stark comparison to the auspicious modesty and comfortability as an individual and as married woman which Islam passively promotes. In every situation regarding Islamic womens rights, the moral and ethical decision would be the active promotion of Christianity and the equality between men and women that Jesus Christ promotes in the. Holy Bible that governs all life and tells people how to live without sin or losing their rights to terroristic organisations. Is evidence of how immoderate quotes identify extremist groups and the pacifist Muslim community as a collective is detrimental to the promotion of the human rights that passively dominate the active fight for Islamic womens rights to be considered a rudimentary aspect of society and less of an autocratic revolution against society. Another ethical theory is an extension of consequentialism of Utilitarianism, determining moral standpoints based on the highest mortality and morality rate present amongst the solutions to separate cases in order to protect the largest faction of the population, thus exhorting this moral reasoning as the only framework to justify military force and other mercenarys wishing to extort a profit while limiting the fatality rate (Bedau, 1985). From an Islamic point of view, traditionally the terms haqq (truth and right), adl (justice), taqwa (piety), khayr (goodness) and maruf (approved) assist in the identification of whether an action is ethically performed in correlation to the Quran, prohibiting the extent that moral frameworks which are products of a Western understandingwith an obvious disregard for utilitarianism and other ethical frameworks, Muslims must instead follow the universal ethical values and principals imposed by the religion.

Saturday, December 21, 2019

Popular Mechanics by Raymond Carver - 828 Words

In Popular Mechanics the author, Raymond Carver, uses painstaking details, numerous symbols, and an unusual title to convey the universal theme that not all relationships end happily. Carver uses all these things to his advantage. He brings out the theme of this depressing, but truthful story. Many couples these days experience the same thing that this one in particular went through. Early that day the weather turned and the snow was melting into dirty water. Carver starts off the story in this way. It is obvious that something bad is coming or has even already happened. The tone is grim from the very beginning and it also gives us an idea of what is to come. The weather outside is dark, But it was getting dark on the inside too. This†¦show more content†¦This title gives us an idea of what is to come, if you take the time to look at it. Raymond Carvers symbols, use of details, and his inventive title really bring together this unusual story, to convey the theme that not al l relationships end happily. He describes every little bit of this story with brilliant detail. The symbolism is indescribable, and the title is tricky but yet it makes absolute sense when you pick it apart. Popular Mechanics is truly a very meaningful short story. Carver packs so much significance into such a short piece of literature that this is no other word for it but amazing. Mechanics: The branch of physics concerned with the analysis of the action of forces on matter or material systems Popular: Suited to or within the means of ordinary people (CarversShow MoreRelated`` Popular Mechanics `` By Raymond Carver1617 Words   |  7 PagesJosaiah Thomas Professor Tittle ENGWR 303-104 6 July 2015 Essay #2 In the short story, â€Å"Popular Mechanics,† by Raymond Carver, starts with a short rise in action through the introduction of the characters, setting, and plot. The short story has a face paced touch, which moves quickly towards the climax and released the resolution right after. The short story was narrated in third person in order to reveal the actions and the dialogue between a man and a woman which expressed separation, struggleRead MoreAnalysis Of Popular Mechanics By Raymond Carver1099 Words   |  5 PagesIn Popular Mechanics by Raymond Carver a man begins packing his things in a suitcase on a rainy day. His spouse barges into the room and begins to berate him. She moves to the dresser and picks up a picture of their baby and leaves the room. The man follows they begin fighting about who gets the baby. As the women holds tightly to the baby, the man backs her into the kitchen and begins grabbing the child. They both have a tight hold on the child now and are pulli ng backwards. The story concludesRead More Popular Mechanics by Raymond Carver Essay721 Words   |  3 PagesPopular Mechanics by Raymond Carver Works Cited Not Included Typically a story begins with an exposition, which introduces the characters, setting and plot. In the short story ?Popular Mechanics? by Raymond Carver, the exposition is excluded. The story begins with a short rise in action, moves quickly to the climax and totally omits the resolution. Carver uses third person objective narration to reveal the actions and the dialogue between a man and a woman. The narrator gives very littleRead MoreFigurative Language In Popular Mechanics By Raymond Carver888 Words   |  4 PagesIn Popular Mechanics by Raymond Carver, a contemptuous couple are driven out of rage to harm their only child. The story’s tone is that of resentment, aggression, and irony, which are constructed by the author’s deliberate choice of a third-person, unnamed narrator. Opening starkly with another nameless character, a male packing his suitcase, his spouse looks on from the other side of the room and continually rants that she’s glad her partner is leaving. Immediately, the reader can sense the physicalRead MoreAnalysis Of Raymond Carver s Popular Mechanics 1194 Words   |  5 PagesRaymond Carver’s very short story, â€Å"Popular Mechanics† is seemingly set on the east coast or somewhere that experiences cold, wintery weather. Early on it foreshadows the potential of something bad or sad happening as it is dark inside. The couple in the story seems to be experiencing a bit of disagreement as they are separating and the male character gathers his belongings in preparation to leave. Unfortunately, their child was placed in the midst of the split as it is with almost all divorces betweenRead MoreAnalysis Of Raymond Carver s Popular Mechanics1341 Words   |  6 Pagesinto a few bumps in the road. It seems like they only want sunshine and rainbows in a relationship and don’t want to endure the storms that may come along. People just have to hang in there and learn how work through their issues. In Raymond Carver’s â€Å"Popular Mechanics†, the social issue of communication in relationships is brought up. Communication is important in relationships because it is the key to success. Poor communication can bring up many issues in a relationship like unnecessary argumentsRead MorePopular Mechanics By Raymond Carver : Lesson Plan Of Questioning1628 Words   |  7 Pagesframe of mind. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C2fWZHaNugc Input- Teacher Directed Lesson (12.00 minutes) The teacher (Aide) will read a short story to explicitly communicate to the student the concept of questioning while reading Popular Mechanics by Raymond Carver ________________________________________ Early that day the weather turned and the snow was melting into dirty water. Streaks of it ran down from the little shoulder-high window that faced the backyard. Cars slushed by on the streetRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Popular Mechanics Essay788 Words   |  4 PagesUnit 2 Written Assignment English 2 What is the title of the text and what is the text about? I have decided to review the short story, Popular Mechanics by Raymond Carver. The story is about a couple and their baby. The man is quietly packing his bags as the irate woman screams and curses at him. He seems to be attempting to ignore her until the bags are packed and the baby is brought into the occasion. The man never seems to get fierce until the very end when they are fighting over the babyRead MoreMorality Is Acceptable By Your Standards Or Not860 Words   |  4 Pageslessons, anything that makes us behave like an animal is forbidden. As a reader you have to understand the author’s morality through his or her writing so you can determine if the writer’s morality is acceptable by your standards or not. Raymond Carver is an amazing writer although I did not read all of his works, but he always leave the writer hanging at the end not knowing what is happening except for the actions which is a sad thing, also the way he writes about the ending is complicatedRead MoreEssay on Popular Mechanics Analysis: The Need for Good Communication778 Words   |  4 PagesIn many ways, communication is important in resolving problems, strengthening relationships, helping others, becoming proactive, and much much more. Raymond Carvers novel Popular Mechanics illustrates the intense need for good communication. The story starts out with the couple fighting and the wife kicking her husband out of the house. She is being rude and aggressive and is not using proper communication, trying to cover the fact that deep insi de she truly doesnt want him to leave. Then, the

Friday, December 13, 2019

Recent events have made the patents value of question Free Essays

Before BUG, Inc. decides to go international the company needs to apply for patents and trademarks to safeguard their corporate image and their product. At the baer minimum, the company needs to apply for an American patent and trademark. We will write a custom essay sample on Recent events have made the patents value of question or any similar topic only for you Order Now Under the guidelines of the Paris Convention of 1870, more than 125 nations worldwide recognize patents that are registered with the World Patent Office in Switzerland (â€Å"International Protection of Intellectual Property† 2007). Recent events have made the patents value of question in some Third World countries as there is an international movement to allow developing nations an exemption from world patent laws, but given the the nature of the product and the import regulations of most modernized countries, the patent protection is certainly worth having. Also important is an international trademark for the company logo (U. S. Trademark Law 2007). Establishing a legal claim to the trademark can help the company to establish an international identity associated with both their name and logo. Neither of these protections are particularly expensive and they can prevent the sale of black market goods which infringe on the BUG, Inc. product. They can also make it possible for BUG, Inc. to seek recompense in the event of patent infringement. Establishing the trademark and patent becomes especially important when Steve engages is corporate espionage and relays internal research and development information to BUG, Inc. ’s competitor, WIRETAP. The first thing that BUG needs to take into consideration with regard to the Steve’s actions as an employee of WIRETAP is that he ahs committed a federal crime under the Economic Espionage Case of 1996 (â€Å"Economic espionage†, 2007). That means that if the company can prduce sufficient evidence, Steve could be facing federal charges for his action. Steve could face 10 years in prison and up to $500,000 in fines related to criminal charges of the theft of trade secrets (Halligan 1996). WIRETAP could face $5 million in fines. (Halligan 1996). Because Walter was not a law enforcement official, it could be argued that his keeping Steve in a locked room for six hours constitutes false imprisonment and he could face criminal charges related to those actions (Best Practice #1, 1999). According to the International Association of Security Professional, the law allows security guards to detain people suspected of a crime long enough to ascertain their identity and to contact the police, not to question them for six hours, depending on the state they are operating in, he could be charged with false imprisonment or kidnapping. (Best Practice #1, 1999). In addition, in most states, his threats of physical violence, though only threats, constitute a verbal assault on Steve and he could be charged with assault as well. (Online Dictionary, 2007) Furthermore, because Walter did this while on the job and used a company facility to do so, BUG, Inc. may face some liability for his actions as well. BUG could argue that Walter was not acting within the scope of his duties, but that is belied by the fact that he took these actions on company time and on company property. (Best Practice #1, 1999). This may mean that because of Walter’s actions, BUG could be facing greater liability than Steve is. When BUG goes online, it is possible that they may be able to acquire the domain name previously purchased by the clearinghouse corporation through a lawsuit arguing that the clearinghouse purchased it with the intention of depriving them from the trademark (Uniform Domain, 1999). There are also provisions for administrative hearings if BUG can demonstrate that the other entity adopted the domain name just in an attempt to deprive them of the name by which they are commonly known (Uniform Domain, 1999). However, it would be imperative as their attorney to explain that the cost of instigating the lawsuit could be large and that they should weigh the cost of the lawsuit against the cost of simply purchasing the domain name from the current owners. There are provisions for the recovery of fees through the administrative hearing process, but they are not guaranteed to win (Uniform Domain, 1999). BUG should also be aware that as the instigators of an online contract they can determine what circumstances constitute acceptance of the contract and that American courts have held that online contracts are every bit as binding as written contracts (CyberLaw 2007). The company should also determine what their policy is with regards to sale of their product to non-law enforcement personnel and if they intend to distribute exclusively to appropriate law enforcement personnel, how they will verify that the person ordering the supplies is who they claim to be. The corporation should also consider contracting with an outside firm to supply website security to protect their financial transactions from hackers (CyberLaw 2007). At the BUG plant in Shady Town, BUG liability for the attack on the vendor and employees is mitigated by the fact that there is a community-wide crime spree underway and by the fact that the company has not replaced lights that have been broken or burned out. As an invited guest of the company, the vendor has the right to expect safety as do employees (Killion, 2007). When sued for losses which occurred on their property, Bug’s attorneys can argue that their responsibility to provide a safe environment for employees and clients was undermined by the community-wide crime spree (Killion, 2007) The investigation into Steve’s actions might result in civil RICO proceedings if the company can prove underlying mail, wire or securities fraud (â€Å"Overview† 2007). Without evidence of the underlying crime, there is no way to pursue civilian RICO charges (â€Å"Overview† 2007). Because the company was aware of the potential danger posed by the earlier model and opted not to correct it in an effort to lower production costs, BUG is liabile for the injuries suffered by Sally. (â€Å"Product Liability† 2007) If the company had been unaware of the injury potential from the model or had discovered it after the model was in mass distribution and had issued a recall, their liability might have been lower. However, the company was aware of the problem and chose not to fix it in an effort to make more money. At that point, a good personal injury lawyer could argue that BUG was negligent and therefore should be forced to pay not only actual damages to Sally, but also punitive damages in the form of an award for pain and suffering. Punitive damages are awarded when the court determines that a company should be punished for their actions; in this case, for knowing that the product was potentially hazardous and doing nothing to end the danger. If the case went to trial, BUG’s attorneys could argue that the newer models of the device were safer and that the responsibility for Sally’s injury should be shared by her employer for failing to provide her with the newer model, but this argument does nothing to decrease BUG’s liability. (â€Å"Product Liability† 2007). WORKS CITED â€Å"Best Practice #1: Detaining Shoplifiting Suspects† www. iapsc. org/uploaded_documents/bp1. doc, November 6, 2007. Computer Crimes Intellectual Property Law† http://www. usdoj. gov/criminal/cybercrime/iplaws. html November 6, 2007. â€Å"Cyber Law† http://www. sidley. com/cyberlaw/features/int_juris. asp, November 6, 2007. â€Å"Free Dictionary† http://www. thefreedictionary. com/assault, November 6, 2007. Halligan, R. Mark. â€Å"The Economic Espionage Act of 1996: The Theft of Trade Secrets is Now a Federal Crime† http://my. execpc. com/~mhallign/crime. html November 6, 2007. â€Å"International Protection of Intellectual Property† http://www. wipo. int/pct/en/treaty/about. htm November 6, 2007. Killion, Susan Westrick and Katherine Dempski. â€Å"Legal And Ethical Issues† http://books. google. com/books? id=I20ZNJHFRVcCpg=PA105lpg=PA105dq=corporate+liability+for+attack+on+premisessource=webots=WTIBrE-gj2sig=iVtr5bLslUY7wZLeBT1zNzagWRQ How to cite Recent events have made the patents value of question, Papers